Expatriate adjustment: Is there always a ‘honeymoon’?

Speaking about expatriates’ adjustment, one of the most cited, the classic U-curve cross-cultural adjustment model, describes adjustment as a process over time, starting with the honeymoon stage, followed by ‘culture shock’ (the lowest point of the ‘U’), adaptation and finally evolving into the mastery stage. However, the universality of the model can be questioned.
Is there always a honeymoon?

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