{"id":1640,"date":"2014-04-11T13:35:13","date_gmt":"2014-04-11T12:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/?p=1640"},"modified":"2014-04-23T15:14:58","modified_gmt":"2014-04-23T14:14:58","slug":"economic-freedom-in-the-world-is-it-ethically-significant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/2014\/04\/11\/economic-freedom-in-the-world-is-it-ethically-significant\/","title":{"rendered":"Economic Freedom in the World: Is it Ethically Significant?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">In our culture figures and ranking are quite central, and the\u00a0<strong>economic freedom<\/strong>\u00a0is not an exception. There are several indexes which try to ranking countries through models nurture by statistic often taken from the\u00a0<a title=\"World Bank\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Bank\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank<\/a>, the\u00a0<a title=\"International Monetary Fund\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Monetary_Fund\" target=\"_blank\">International Monetary Fund<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a title=\"Economist Intelligence Unit\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economist_Intelligence_Unit\" target=\"_blank\">Economist Intelligence Unit<\/a>. Two of these indexes are probably the best-known worldwide. In general, their findings are not too different.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">One is the\u00a0<b><i><a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/about\" target=\"_blank\">Index of Economic Freedom<\/a><\/i><\/b>\u00a0created by the\u00a0<a title=\"Heritage Foundation\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heritage_Foundation\" target=\"_blank\">Heritage Foundation<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<i><a title=\"Wall Street Journal\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wall_Street_Journal\" target=\"_blank\">Wall Street Journal<\/a><\/i>.\u00a0<strong>It is based on a series of 10 economic measurements<\/strong>. Namely, business freedom, trade freedom, monetary freedom, government size, physical freedom, property rights, investment freedom, financial freedom, freedom from corruption, labor freedom (all these factors are averaged equally into a total score).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">A second index is the\u00a0<a title=\"Economic Freedom of the World\" href=\"http:\/\/www.freetheworld.com\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b><i>Economic Freedom of the World<\/i><\/b><\/a>\u00a0produced by the\u00a0<a title=\"Fraser Institute\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fraser_Institute\" target=\"_blank\">Fraser Institute<\/a>, a Canadian think tank, in cooperation with the\u00a0<a title=\"Economic Freedom Network Members\" href=\"http:\/\/www.freetheworld.com\/member.html\" target=\"_blank\">Economic Freedom Network<\/a>, a group of independent research and educational institutes in nearly 90 nations and territories worldwide. This latter index used forty-two variables in five broad areas: size of government, legal system and property rights, sound money; freedom to trade internationally, and absence of regulation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The 2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.freetheworld.com\/release.html\" target=\"_blank\">Economic Freedom of the World report<\/a>\u00a0gives data of 2011 from 151 countries.<b>\u00a0<\/b>According to this index, globally,\u00a0<a title=\"Tweet This!\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/ethics\/2014\/04\/11\/economic-freedom-in-the-world-is-it-ethically-significant\/#\">the average economic freedom score rose slightly to 6.87 out of 10 compared to 6.74 the previous year\u00a0<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.freetheworld.com\/release.html\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"Economic Freedom World Map\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/ethics\/files\/2014\/04\/Economis-Freedom.jpg\" alt=\"Economic Freedom World Map\" width=\"1182\" height=\"601\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Source: Economic Freedom of the World Report<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>Hong-Kong and Singapore occupy the top two positions. The other nations in the top 10 are New Zealand, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, Mauritius, Finland, Bahrain, Canada, and Australia.<\/li>\n<li>Chile (11th), Per\u00fa (22th) y Uruguay (43th) are the most liberal economies of Latin America.<\/li>\n<li>The rankings of some other major countries are the United Kingdom (12th), United States (17th), Germany (19th), Spain (32nd), Japan (33rd), Korea (33rd), France (40th), Italy (83rd), Mexico (94th), Russia (101st), Brazil, (102nd), India (111th), and China (123rd).<\/li>\n<li>The 10 lowest-rated countries are: Algeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Central African Republic, Angola, Chad, Zimbabwe, Republic of Congo, Myanmar, and\u2014in last place\u2014Venezuela.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Eight of the countries in the bottom ten are located in Africa<\/strong>. Cuba and North Korea are out of this ranking due to lack of information.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>The question about the ethical significance lead us to analyzed which are the key elements used as conceptual based to construct the indexes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.freetheworld.com\/2013\/EFW2013-exec.sum.pdf\">cornerstones for<b>\u00a0<\/b>economic freedom<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<em>Economic Freedom of the World<\/em>\u00a0are<b>:<\/b>\u00a0personal choice, voluntary exchange, freedom to compete, and security of privately owned property.<b>\u00a0This is very much aligned with the<\/b><strong>definition of economic freedom to\u00a0laissez-faire capitalism<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">More nuanced is the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.heritage.org\/index\/about\">definition of economic freedom<\/a>\u00a0which supports the Heritage Foundation index: \u201cEconomic freedom is the fundamental right of every human to control his or her own labor and property. In an economically free society, individuals are free to work, produce, consume, and invest in any way they please, with that freedom both protected by the state and unconstrained by the state. In economically free societies, governments allow labor, capital and goods to move freely, and refrain from coercion or constraint of liberty beyond the extent necessary to protect and maintain liberty itself.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">From the ethical perspective, two main considerations can be made:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li>First,\u00a0<strong>respect for freedom is intrinsically good if is not abusive by powerful, since freedom is an essential human feature<\/strong>. In addition,\u00a0<strong>economic freedom could contribute to the common good<\/strong>, since economic freedom tends to contribute to wealth creations rather than a system with less economic freedom. The report mentioned here empathized that\u00a0<strong>there is a high correlation between countries with economic freedom and average per-capita GDP<\/strong>. Specifically, it says that nations in the top quartile of economic freedom had an average per-capita GDP of US$36,446 in 2011, compared to US$4,382 for nations in the bottom quartile in 2011.<\/li>\n<li>The second consideration is just\u00a0<strong>the lack of information provided by these indexes about abuse or lack of responsibility in exercising freedom<\/strong>.\u00a0<a title=\"Tweet This!\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/ethics\/2014\/04\/11\/economic-freedom-in-the-world-is-it-ethically-significant\/#\">Growing of GDP could be compatible with unfair working conditions or with lack of respect for the environment\u00a0<\/a>. On the other hand, regulations, being opposed to economic freedom, are not ethically necessarily objectionable. They can be reasonable, as well as abusive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>My conclusion is that such indexes should be combines with others which take into account a responsible use of such freedom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In our culture figures and ranking are quite central, and the\u00a0economic freedom\u00a0is not an exception. There are several indexes which try to ranking countries through models nurture by statistic often taken from the\u00a0World Bank, the\u00a0International Monetary Fund\u00a0and the\u00a0Economist Intelligence Unit. Two of these indexes are probably the best-known worldwide. In general, their findings are not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":199,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12826],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-etica-social"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1640","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/199"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1640"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1640\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1741,"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1640\/revisions\/1741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1640"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1640"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.iese.edu\/eticaempresarial\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1640"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}